Journal: PLoS ONE
Article Title: Oct4-Induced Reprogramming Is Required for Adult Brain Neural Stem Cell Differentiation into Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019926
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) NSC-derived iPSCs were differentiated into DA neurons according to the five-stage protocol. Neural differentiation was induced by EB formation in ITSFn medium. Subsequently, the neural precursors were expanded in the presence of the growth factors FGF-2, FGF8, and Shh. Terminal differentiation was induced by growth factor withdrawal in the presence of ascorbic acid. ( B ) Graphs indicate the percentage of cells that stained positive for β-TubIII and TH, relative to nuclear Hoechst staining. Error bars indicate SEM. Three independent experiments were performed in triplicate. ( C ) Brightfield images showing EB-derived FGF2-responsive neural precursor cells. ( D ) Brightfield microphotographs of differentiated NSC-derived iPSCs, 7 days after growth factor withdrawal. ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining of neuronal cultures derived from NSC-derived iPSCs for β-TubIII (green) and TH (red). ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for TH (red) and GABA (green), a marker typically expressed in olfactory bulb (OB) glomerular interneurons. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst. ( G–H ) Confocal images of neuronal cultures stained for β-TubIII (green) (G), TH (red) (G–H), En1 (blue) (G) and Pitx3 (green) (H). ( I ) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of midbrain transcription factors, DA neurotransmission markers (TH, DAT, Pitx3, En1, Girk2, VMAT, ALDH, Nurr1) and calbindin in differentiated NSC-derived iPSCs. cDNA was isolated from differentiated adult NSC-derived iPSCs, and values were normalized to the level of β-actin. Error bars indicate SEM. Three independent experiments were performed in triplicate. Scale bar: 200 µm (C–D); 50 µm (E–F); 20 µm (G–H). ITSFn, insulin/transferrin/selenium/fibronectin.
Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: sheep/rabbit anti-TH (1∶1,000; Pel-Freez Biologicals), rabbit anti-Pitx3 (1∶250, Zymed), mouse anti-En1 (1∶50, DSHB), goat anti-Foxa2 (1∶100, Santa Cruz), rabbit/chicken anti β-TubIII (Tuj1, Covance), rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000, Dako), mouse anti-SSEA-1 (0.4 µg/ml; DSHB), mouse anti Oct4 (1∶100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti Nanog (1∶100, Bethyl), mouse anti NeuN (1∶1000, Chemicon), mouse anti SSEA1 (1∶50, Chemicon), rabbit anti GAD67 (1∶5000, Sigma), rabbit anti GABA (1∶5000, Sigma), mouse anti AFP (1;100, R&D Systems), goat anti brachyury (1∶100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
Techniques: Derivative Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Isolation